This presentation, from the Energy Losses conference stream, discusses systematic energy losses and smart electricity use. The economic efficiency of today's Electricity Supply System (ESS) is driven by two mutually supporting key factors: the load factor and fuel conversion efficiency. The higher the load factor, the more efficient the running of the plant and the more investment in generation efficiency is worthwhile. The higher the generation efficiency, the more the plant will be called on, and so the higher load factor.