Keynote 2

The numerical technology and the advances in information technology allow the development of new solutions and a higher degree of integration. This contribution addresses the main important issues regarding protection and substation automation systems: the possible level of integration, the standardization aspects and the impact of IEC 61850, the information technology and the overall system protection scheme. It gives several considerations about the main trends going-on worldwide in the secondary technique of a substation, taking into account the latest feedback from the activities in the Study Committee B5 of CIGRE.