Is European interoperability finally becoming reality?

Regarding international interoperability of electronic fee collection systems I have concluded a talk ten years ago as follows: "Technical standards are at the verge of becoming finalised, procedural interoperability is well studied and understood, and contractual agreements are difficult to achieve, but being worked on". This is still the situation today. Apparently there has been little progress. Detailed analysis and experience from interoperability projects such as MEDIA shows that a main reason is certainly the complexity of the problem but even more importantly the lack of a clear business case for key stakeholders. The Interoperability Directive has brought considerable movement into the scene by forcing parties to act but some central problems remain unresolved. Especially the views regarding the commercial arrangements between users, service providers and toll operators still differ widely.