Signal processing is one of the most powerful technologies bearing on society and the sciences at the present time. With origins in the first half of the last century, the subject has formed into a mature framework and developed deep speciality in important application zones such as audio, video, sonar and radar. Signal processing today fuels the progress of commerce, entertainment and security in an increasingly global context. This illustrated lecture focuses on the broad principles that will underlie the most important applications foreseen in the next twenty years.