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A story of unseen engineering: digital TV compression

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Live
  • Duration: 1 hr 16 mins
  • Publication date: 11 Oct 2018
  • Part of series The IET President's Address Series, IET Prestige Lecture Series, EngTalks - FKA The Kelvin Lecture Series

Abstract

The President’s Address 2018 - Access to hundreds of high resolution live TV channels and millions of YouTube videos is now the norm. Do you ever hit ‘pause’ to wonder how this came about?

What we now take for granted has actually developed over the last 50 years. Whilst the improvements in digital transmission speeds and storage have helped considerably, a fundamental enabler to the success of the modern video empowered world is “Digital Video Compression”.

The President’s Address 2018 will overview the highlights and evolution of video compression engineering, starting with the relative simple schemes of the late 1970’s through to latest sophisticated techniques in common use today.

As with most areas of engineering, improved understanding in combination with increased technical capability has enabled a progression of significant improvements.

A standard HD moving picture generates more than 1Gb/s in its raw form. With todays sophisticated compression techniques such high quality pictures can easily be viewed over a link bandwidth of only 2Mb/s which demands a bit rate compression of more than 500:1.

Such compression ratios are truly amazing and for most of time they are totally invisible to the viewer. The engineering involved has rarely been overviewed. This address will look at the past, present and give a look to the future of this previously unseen technology

Keywords:
  • HD
  • President's address
  • algorithm
  • bandwidth
  • broadband
  • coding
  • compression
  • data
  • decoding
  • digital transmission
  • digital tv compression
  • digital video compression
  • discrete cosine transform
  • encoding
  • engineering
  • fractal coding
  • frame
  • image
  • motion vector
  • pixel
  • predictive coding
  • satellite
  • storage
  • technology
  • video

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Speakers

  • Mike  Carr

    Mike Carr

    Mike is the former Chief Science Officer for BT and responsible for the company’s world-leading research and commercial exploitation unit, including patent licensing and corporate venturing activitiesMike joined BT as a Technician Apprentice in 1972. He studied Communication Engineering at Plymouth and joined the Visual Communication Research Division at BT Labs in 1980.During his first 15 years with BT’s Labs his career has focused on the research, development and practical design of real-time audio/visual and multimedia communications systems.He has several patents to his name in the field of video compression and is the holder of two prestigious BT awards; the Martlesham Medal for R&D (1992) and the BT Gold medal (1994) for leading multimedia product developments.In 1998 he was elected President of the Digital Audio-Visual Council (DAVIC) a non-profit association based in Switzerland and representing 160 companies in more than 25 countries, focused on developing specifications for audio-visual systems. From 1999 Mike was based in Silicon Valley, California, USA where he established BT’s US Technology office and Corporate Venturing activity.Mike returned to the UK in 2001 to lead BT’s Research & Venturing division. He was awarded an Honorary Doctor of Technology from the University of Plymouth in September 2009. More recently he has been a Council Member of the EPSRC and a Board Member of Innovate UK.Mike is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and serves on the Board of their Enterprise Hub. He is also Non-Executive Director for both Ordnance Survey Ltd and Ploughshare Innovations Ltd and is Chairman of Astigan Ltd, a start-up based in Somerset. He received an OBE for “services to innovation” in 2017.Mike is married with 2 daughters and lives in Bury St Edmunds. He and his wife Caroline have spent the past 3 years building their own “eco” house and now look forward to having the time to create a garden as well as following their passion to travel.
  • JW

    Professor Jeremy Watson

    Member of the Innovation and Emerging Technologies Policy Panel.Jeremy Watson is a Vice-Dean in the UCL Faculty of Engineering Sciences and Professor of Engineering Systems in the Department of Science, Technology, Engineering and Public Policy. Concurrently, he is Chief Scientist and Engineer at the Building Research Establishment (BRE). Jeremy was previously Arup’s Global Research Director, and Chief Scientific Advisor in the Department of Communities and Local Government (DCLG). An electronics and control engineer by training and practice, he has senior experience of research and technical direction in industry and universities, governing board membership at InnovateUK and EPSRC, plus service with NERC and HEFCE. He has served on two government SAGE panels and a Blackett Review on Cyber security of the Internet of Things. Jeremy was appointed to a one-year term as President of the Institution for Engineering and Technology in October 2016 and was recently Chair of BuildingSMART UK. He is a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering (Chair of the Engineering Policy Committee and interim Policy Centre lead), the ICE and the IET. His specialities include research strategy, systems thinking, innovation processes, and emerging technology identification.Jeremy is Director of a £9.8m research hub funded by EPSRC and composed of nine universities collaborating on Cyber security of the Internet of Things. The hub has been pledged a further £14m by User partners.
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